There
are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called
additive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to
produce some other colors. The second method, called subtractive, starts
with white light (a mixture of all colors in the spectrum) and by
taking away some or all other colors leaves the one desired.
In the additive
method separate colored lights are combined to produce
various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red
and blue (each proportion, about one third of the wavelengths in the
total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce all
colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow, red and blue light
mix to produce magenta, green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal
parts of all three of these primary colored beams of light overlap, the
mixture appears white to the eye.In the subtractive process, colors are produced when dye (as in paint or color photographic materials) absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries are cyan (a bluish green), magenta (a purplish pink), and yellow; these are the pigments or dyes that absorb red, green and blue wavelengths, respectively, thus subtracting them from white light. These dye colors are the complementary colors to the three additive primaries of red, green and blue. Properly combined, the subtractive primaries can absorb all colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varying proportions they too can produce any color in the spectrum.
Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together
or by subtracting some light from the total spectrum, the result looks
the same to the eye. The additive process was employed for early color
photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex
chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the
basis of all modern color films.
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